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| Mission: Success – Methods of attack |
| By Tracy E. Barnhart |
| Published: 07/09/2007 |
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Editor’s note: In part one of Barnhart’s two-part series about indicators and methods of attack, (Indicators to assault, 6/21/07) he discussed the signs COs should be looking for that can warn them of an attack. This week, he concludes with the ways one might be attacked and appropriate responses. 
Mission: Success – Methods of attackby Tracy Barnhart I am a big advocate of continuing education on job specific areas throughout your career. The information I give my students is what they can use that night or their next shift. When we talk about methods of attack I mean how, or the most probable way an inmate or criminal will attack you. Previously, I talked about the red and green light indicator theory in my article on verbal and non-verbal indicators to assault. Here, I will explain specific ways you could be attacked and the best ways to physically respond. Most departmental defensive techniques or self defense tactics taught to officers today are unfortunately based out of the martial art Aikido. I am not knocking the art itself as I have studied it specifically for years. It is flashy and predominantly wrist locking and soft in nature. But the techniques are very difficult to learn, difficult to mentally retain and most difficult to accomplish in a stressful situation unless you have studied them for many years. The techniques require a lot of fine motor skills to perform, but studies have shown that during a stress-induced adrenaline dump your fine motor skills are the first thing to diminish. Next take into consideration the amount of practice you do involving your agency response to resistance techniques. If your agency is like mine, that would be about eight hours per year during recertification, at slow speeds, with your partner acting a specific way. That would be like asking a martial arts instructor to give you a black belt worth of knowledge, but yet he could only train you eight hours per year. Most instructors that I know would laugh at you and walk away. But your administration, community and court systems expect that level of expertise from you as it relates to your use of force incidents. You are expected to win, not get hurt, and not hurt the inmate. Not one of us would bet $5 on a football game in which we knew that the quarterback only had practiced with the ball only one time in the past year. Remember those terms in my previous article, Reasonable, Excessive and liability? Are you confident in your ability to be reasonable? How about your ability to restrain an inmate and not be excessive while being video taped? Will you use the techniques properly and as instructed or will you write in your reports that you attempted the proper technique only to have to abandon the maneuver during the restraint and do something else that actually works? “If we must resort to violence, then we have already lost the battle.” Chinese Proverb Experience in real world combative situations, as well as mixed martial arts competitions, have shown the frequency with which real fights end with the combatants wrestling each other on the ground, even if that was not their overall intentions. This in itself is an integral part of restraining individuals to bring them under control during use of force incidents within your institutions. I have practiced Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) for more than five years now and I realized how easy it can be for trained fighters to take a fight to the ground. Good BJJ fighters will be so confident in their skills that you will often see them sit down into a guard position {on their backs} and start the fight from there. That said, departmental self defense techniques should have a two pronged approach;
2. Those techniques that allow an officer to finish a fight quickly and efficiently (submission moves. We have to understand that men fight men differently from men fighting women. When attacking a woman, the inmate will attempt to show them that they are stronger and more dominate in the scenario. They will often utilize grabs and arm turning tactics. They will punch and push as well, but will primarily want to show that they are bigger, more muscular and stronger than the female officer. When male inmates fight with male officers they will most generally use two different strategies; rapid fire punches at the head in an attempt to overwhelm the officer and land as many punches as possible; head lock the officer and punch the head itself. Now with this fighting knowledge in account, why are we teaching about wrist turns and arm lock defenses? It seems like we are teaching our staff to fail but giving them a false sense of security and not preparing them for combat they might engage in. We need to give our officers two strategies for their self defense; one that keeps the restraint in a phase where they have skills and advantages over the inmates; and one that works for positional dominance, which continually places them in a position of control more easily and limits an inmate’s ability to fight back. With this in mind one must understand the three phases of combat:
2. Standing Clinch Phase: Once a restraint begins, it almost always goes into a clinch. In this phase either fighter will instinctively engage in grabbing, shoving and holding once the free movement space has been closed. A distinct set of skills is required to do well in the standing clinch position, and include obtaining and breaking a grip, and off-balancing the opponent but keeping balance. Takedowns appropriate to clinch fighting as well as standing submissions are necessary skills to obtain. 3. Ground Fighting: Almost no restraint begins in this phase; however, they almost always end up there. Going to the ground totally changes the nature of the restraint. Movement in a supine position is very different from the movement in a standing position and it requires extensive training before it becomes natural. Fighting from your back is not a natural instinct as most all will strive to get back to their feet where they feel more dominate. Great control is possible on the ground because of your bodyweight and the ground itself can be used to pin an opponent and confine his movements. Knowing that individuals instinctively do not want to be on the ground allows you to take a restraint into a phase where your opponent is out of his element and does not want to be. This greatly increases the probability of your victory. Tracy E. Barnhart is a Marine combat veteran of Desert Storm / Desert Shield. In 1992 he became an Ohio police officer. He was the youngest officer to attain the rank of Staff Lieutenant. He became Chief of Police for the Village of Edison, Ohio, and obtained his Ohio Peace Officers Training Commission as a unit instructor teaching several law enforcement and correctional courses at the state academy. In 2000, Barnhart joined the Ohio Department of Youth Services at the Marion Juvenile Corrections Facility, a maximum security male correctional facility housing more than 320 offenders. Barnhart works with male felony offenders ages 16 to 21 with violent criminal convictions and aggressive natures. Other articles by Barnhart: Indicators to assault, 6/21/07 The art of manipulation, 4/18/07 |
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